1.Should the sentencing process in the U. S. be changed Why or why not Essay

1.Should the sentencing process in the U. S. be changed Why or why not 2. Discuss the key relationships of the prosecutor with others in the criminal just - Essay Example They are supposed to deter individuals from committing crimes, they are supposed to incapacitate those who are likely to commit crimes, bring about the process of rehabilitation and finally, to punish those who do not follow the laws of society. However, as discussed by Bellisle (2007), the sentencing system in America seems to focus more on the idea of incarceration and putting people in prisons rather than on rehabilitation and allowing them to become productive members of society. The courts hand out sentences to eighty thousand criminal defendants every year and the number of those who go into prison are far more than those who are released (Richey, 2005). Sentences handed out by courts simply put people away for long periods of time while not looking at the impact it would have on the prison system or even the nature of their crime. Many violations of the law come with mandatory minimum sentences and these sentences can be as long as 10 years for some drug offenses. Instead of allowing a judge to come up with a reasonable idea for how long a person should be put away for smoking marijuana illegally, the laws give mandatory minimum sentences which have to be followed (Bellisle, 2007). The sentencing process could be improved drastically if the judges are trusted to establish their own criteria for punishments equivalent to the crime. Of course, it can be argued that race and ethnicity can creep into the issue when judges are allowed to have a lot of discretion with regard to sentencing but that issue can also be monitored by the higher courts to ensure that the sentencing remains fair and transparent. Undoubtedly, the transparency of the justice system is also hurt by the idea that prosecutors may manipulate the accused to get plea bargains and thus avoid trials in the first place (Murphy, 2004). In certain situations, the laws not only cause the crime to be enhanced in a crime, they may even double the minimum time which is mandated by the law. For

Operating system memory management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operating system memory management - Essay Example It takes place in the following steps: The mapping from one address space to another is termed as binding. For a program to execute it must be copied into main memory at a particular location. Many instructions use "fixed" addresses these must be bound to "fixed" locations in the memory. This binding of instructions and data to memory addresses Dynamic loading involves loading routines into memory only when required. This is done during execution. Dynamic loading reduces the memory requirements of large programs. This is especially the case if there is a large set of infrequently used routines. Dynamic linking is often used for libraries. Only a "stub" of the library is kept in the programs image. When a program calls one of these routines, the routine is loaded and linked into memory. All programs share the one copy of the same library routine. Dynamic linking requires the operating systems intervention as sharing between processes is required. Implementation is done through memory tables to keep track of both main memory i.e. real memory as well as virtual memory. Also there is a unit MMU(Memory management unit) that performs the following tasks: Sometimes there may be a shortage of main memory due to the size of various applications and also in some cases several active processes may need to share memory at the same time. In such cases partitioning of memory is done. Partitioning refers to systematic division of memory into blocks so that a process may be allocated to a block. This is of various types: 1. Fixed partition memory management: This is the simplest memory management scheme for multiprogrammed system. Here the memory is divided into fixed partitions. This is done when the system is initialized and won't be changed during the system operation. This again of two types: Single partition allocation: Here the user is provided with a bare machine and has full control of entire memory space. It's advantages are: Maximum